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Noam Chomsky

Noam Chomsky est une figure influente dans les domaines de la linguistique, de la philosophie et de l'activisme politique. Né le 7 décembre 1928 à Philadelphie, en Pennsylvanie, Chomsky a étudié à l'Université de Pennsylvanie pour ses études de premier cycle et cycles supérieurs. Il est actuellement professeur émérite et professeur Institute au Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), où il a passé plus d'une demi-siècle.

Chomsky est largement considéré comme le père de la linguistique moderne et l'une des principales figures de la philosophie analytique. Il est connu pour sa théorie de la grammaire générative, qui a révolutionné le domaine de la linguistique au 20e siècle. Cette théorie pose que la capacité à utiliser le langage est inhérente aux humains et non acquise uniquement par l'expérience. Le travail de Chomsky dans ce domaine a eu un impact significatif sur la philosophie du langage et de l'esprit. Il est également crédité de l'établissement de la hiérarchie de Chomsky, une classification des langages formels en termes de leur pouvoir génératif.

En plus de ses contributions à la linguistique et à la philosophie, Chomsky est également un activiste politique et critique des médias de masse de premier plan. Il a d'abord attiré l'attention du grand public pour sa critique de la guerre du Vietnam dans les années 1960. Depuis, il est connu pour sa critique de la politique étrangère des États-Unis et d'autres gouvernements, ainsi que pour sa critique des médias. Selon l'Arts and Humanities Citation Index, Chomsky était le chercheur le plus cité en vie durant la période 1980-1992, et le huitième chercheur le plus cité de tous les temps. Il est une figure majeure des domaines de la linguistique, de la philosophie et de l'activisme politique, et son travail continue d'exercer une grande influence.
Livres de non-fiction
# Titre Année
1 Syntactic Structures 1957
2 Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 1964
3 Aspects of the Theory of Syntax 1965
4 Topics in the Theory of Generative Grammar 1966
5 Cartesian Linguistics 1966
6 Knowledge of Language 1966
7 American Power and the New Mandarins 1967
8 Language and Mind 1968
9 At War With Asia 1971
10 Problems of Knowledge and Freedom 1972
11 The Pentagon Papers: Critical Essays 1972
12 For Reasons of State 1973
13 The Chomsky-Foucault Debate: On Human Nature 1974
14 Reflections on Language 1975
15 The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory 1975
16 Language and Responsibility 1977
17 The Sound Pattern of English 1979
18 Rules and Representations 1980
19 Radical Priorities 1981
20 Lectures on Government & Binding 1981
21 Toward a New Cold War 1982
22 Fateful Triangle 1982
23 Turning the Tide 1985
24 Pirates and Emperors, Old and New 1986
25 Barriers 1986
26 Language and Problems of Knowledge 1987
27 The Chomsky Reader 1987
28 The Culture of Terrorism 1988
29 Language and Politics 1988
30 Necessary Illusions 1989
31 Modular Approaches Study Mind 1990
32 Deterring Democracy 1991
33 Terrorizing the Neighborhood 1991
34 What Uncle Sam Really Wants 1991
35 Year 501: The Conquest Continues 1992
36 Chronicles of Dissent: Interviews with David Barsamian 1992
37 Letters from Lexington: Reflections on Propaganda 1993
38 Rethinking Camelot: JFK, the Vietnam War and US Political Culture 1993
39 The Prosperous Few and the Restless Many 1993
40 World Orders, Old and New 1994
41 Keeping the Rabble in Line 1994
42 Secrets, Lies and Democracy 1994
43 Media Control: The Spectacular Achievements of Propaganda 1995
44 The Minimalist Program 1995
45 Class Warfare 1995
46 Prospects for Democracy 1995
47 The Common Good 1996
48 Powers and Prospects 1996
49 For a Free Humanity: For Anarchy 1997
50 Perspectives on Power 1997
51 On Language 1998
52 Propaganda and the Public Mind 1998
53 Profit Over People 1998
54 On Power and Ideology 1999
55 The New Military Humanism 1999
56 Rogue States 1999
57 Acts of Aggression: Policing Rogue States 1999
58 Latin America: From Colonization to Globalization 1999
59 On MisEducation 2000
60 The Architecture of Language 2000
61 Case Studies in Hypocrisy: U.S. Human Rights Policy 2000
62 A New Generation Draws the Line 2000
63 An American Addiction 2001
64 9-11 2001
65 Monkeywrenching the New World Order 2001
66 Understanding Power: The Indispensable Chomsky 2002
67 On Democracy & Education 2002
68 Power and Terror: Post-9/11 Talks and Interviews 2003
69 Objectivity and Liberal Scholarship 2003
70 Distorted Morality: America's War on Terror? 2003
71 Masters of Mankind 2003
72 The Generative Enterprise Revisited 2004
73 Getting Haiti Right This Time 2004
74 On Anarchism 2005
75 Doctrines and Visions 2005
76 The Imperial Presidency 2005
77 Perilous Power 2006
78 The Essential Chomsky 2008
79 Chomsky On Anarchism 2010
80 New World of Indigenous Resistance 2010
81 Gaza in Crisis 2010
82 Crisis and Hope: Theirs and Ours 2010
83 Iraq: The Forever War 2010
84 Hopes and Prospects 2010
85 Out of the Frame: The Struggle for Academic Freedom in Israel 2010
86 Power and Terror: Conflict, Hegemony, and the Rule of Force 2011
87 The Mafia Principle of Global Hegemony 2011
88 How the World Works 2011
89 Occupy 2012
90 Chomsky's Linguistics 2012
91 The Science of Language: Interviews with James McGilvray 2012
92 Demand the Impossible 2012
93 Nuclear War and Environmental Catastrophe 2013
94 On Western Terrorism 2013
95 Democracy and Power: The Delhi Lectures 2014
96 On Palestine 2015
97 Because We Say So 2015
98 What Kind of Creatures Are We? 2015
99 Anarchism, Marxism and Hope for the Future 2016
100 Prophetic Voices on Middle East Peace 2016
101 Optimism over Despair 2017
102 Requiem for the American Dream: The 10 Principles of Concentration of Wealth & Power 2017
103 The Climate Crisis and the Global Green New Deal 2020
104 Consequences of Capitalism 2021
105 Why Ideas Matter 2021
106 The Secrets of Words 2022
107 The Withdrawal 2022
108 Notes on Resistance 2022
Open Media Books (with Karl Grossman)
# Titre Année
1 Government in the Future 1970
2 The Umbrella of US Power 1999
3 Weapons in Space 2000
4 Open Media Collection 2003
The Political Economy of Human Rights Books
# Titre Année
1 The Washington Connection & Third World Fascism 1979
2 After the Cataclysm 1979
American Empire Project Books
# Titre Année
1 Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire 2000
2 Hegemony or Survival: America's Quest for Global Dominance 2003
3 A People's History of American Empire 2003
4 The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic 2004
5 Crusade: Chronicles of an Unjust War 2004
6 Blood and Oil: The Dangers and Consequences of America's Growing Dependency on Imported Petroleum 2004
7 Imperial Ambitions: Conversations on the Post-9/11 World 2005
8 Dilemmas of Domination: The Unmaking of the American Empire 2005
9 Empire's Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism 2006
10 A Question of Torture: CIA Interrogation, from the Cold War to the War on Terror 2006
11 Failed States: The Abuse of Power and the Assault on Democracy 2006
12 Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic 2007
13 What We Say Goes: Conversations on U.S. Power in a Changing World 2007
14 The Complex 2008
15 The Limits of Power: The End of American Exceptionalism 2008
16 Washington Rules: America's Path to Permanent War 2010
17 Dismantling the Empire: America's Last Best Hope 2010
18 Kill Anything That Moves 2011
19 Power Systems: Conversations on Global Democratic Uprisings and the New Challenges to U.S. Empire 2012
20 Breach of Trust: How Americans Failed Their Soldiers and Their Country 2013
21 Who Rules the World? 2014
22 Base Nation: How U.S. Military Bases Abroad Harm America and the World 2015
23 Global Discontents: Conversations on the Rising Threats to Democracy 2017
24 After the Apocalypse: America's Role in a World Transformed 2021
City Lights Open Media Books
# Titre Année
1 A Power Governments Cannot Suppress 2006
2 Interventions 2007
3 Between Barack and a Hard Place 2009
4 Colorblind 2010
5 The Bomb 2010
6 Crossing Zero 2011
7 To Die in Mexico 2011
8 Dear White America 2012
9 Redefining Black Power 2012
10 Making the Future 2012
11 Crusade 2.0 2012
12 Occupy the Economy 2012
13 The Historic Unfulfilled Promise 2012
14 The Meaning of Freedom 2012
15 The Black History of the White House 2013
16 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself 2013
17 Dying to Live 2013
18 Border Patrol Nation 2014
19 The Violence of Organized Forgetting 2014
20 Disposable Futures 2015
21 Writing on the Wall 2015
22 Because We Say So 2015
23 Learning to Die in the Anthropocene 2015
24 Under the Affluence 2015
25 America at War with Itself 2016
26 Breaking Through Power 2016
27 Have Black Lives Ever Mattered? 2017
28 Storming the Wall 2017
29 I Couldn't Even Imagine That They Would Kill Us 2017
30 Loaded 2018
31 American Nightmare 2018
32 United States of Distraction 2018
33 Torn from the World 2018
34 Violence 2018
35 Death Blossoms 2019
36 A Short History of Presidential Election Crises: 2020
37 No Fascist USA! 2020
38 The Green New Deal and Beyond 2020
39 ReTargeting Iran 2020
40 Dispatches from the Race War 2020
41 Build Bridges, Not Walls 2021
42 Rising Up 2023
43 Women Who Change the World 2023
Noam Chomsky Anthologies
# Titre Année
1 The Cosmos Reader 1971
2 Palestinian Refugees: The Right of Return 2001
3 Louder than Bombs: Interviews from The Progressive Magazine 2004
4 Conversations on the Edge of the Apocalypse 2005
5 The Age of Inequality 2017
6 Voices for Peace: War, Resistance and America's Quest for Full-Spectrum Dominance 2017